| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve | Action |
|---|
| Muscles of the lower leg - anterior group |
|---|
| tibialis anterior | outer side of tibia, membrana inerossea crusis | os cuneiforme mediale (plantar) base metatarsalia ossa I. | n. proenus profundus | Ankle joint: dorsal flexion |
| extensor digitorum longus | condylus lateralis tibiae, proximal part tibia, membrana inerossea crusis | aponeurosis dorsalis 2nd to 5th finger, on the distal cells | aponeurosis dorsalis 2nd to 5th finger, on the distal cells | Ankle joint: dorsal flexion of the auxiliary. Lower subtalar joint: auxiliary leg eversion. Joints metatarsophalangeal : extension. Interphalangeal joints: extension both interphalangeal joints |
| extensor hallucis longus | inner surface of the fibula, membrane inerossea crusis | dorsal aponeurosa, the distal part of the thumb | n. proenus profundus | Ankle joint: auxiliary dorsal flexion. Joint metatarsophalangeal (1st): auxiliary extension. Interphalangeal joint (1st): extension |
| Muscles of the lower leg - lateral group |
|---|
| peroneus longus | caput fibulae, proximal lateral surface of fibula | os cuneiforme mediale (plantar) base metatarsalia ossa I. | n. proenus superficialis | Ankle joint: auxiliary plantar flexion. Lower subtalar joint: eversion foot (dorsal flexion, pronation, abduction |
| peroneus brevis | distal part of the lateral surface of fibula | tuberositas ossis metatarsalis quinti | n. proenus superficialis | Ankle joint: auxiliary plantar flexion. Lower subtalar joint: eversion foot (dorsal flexion, pronation, abduction |
| Lower leg muscles - the dorsal group - the surface layer |
|---|
| triceps surae | cap. med. - epicond. med. femoris, cap. lat. - epicond. lat. femoris, m. soleus - caput fibulae linea m., solei tibiae = arcus tendineus m. solei | tuber calcanei - tendus calcaneus (Achillis), between tuber calcanei and the tendon is a bursa tendinis calcanei | n. tibialis | Knee joint: auxiliary flexion (m. gastrocnemius). Ankle joint: plantar flexion. Lower subtalar joint: auxiliary inversion (plantar flexion, adduction, supination). |
| plantaris | epicondylus lateralis femoris | merges with the Achilles tendon | n. tibialis | Ankle joint: auxiliary plantar flexion |
| Lower leg muscles - the dorsal group - deep layer |
|---|
| popliteus | epicondylus lateralis femoris | above linea musculi solei | n. tibialis | Knee joint: auxiliary flexion, auxiliary internal rotation (only in flexion) |
| tibialis posterior | rear side of the tibia, the inner surface of the fibula, membrana inerossea crusis | tuberositas ossis navicularis, bottom surface os sphenoidale | n. tibialis | Ankle joint: auxiliary plantar flexion. Lower subtalar joint: inversion foot (plantar flexion, adduction, supination) |
| flexor digitorum longus | rear surface of the tibia | distal articles 2nd to 5th finger | n. tibialis | Ankle joint: auxiliary plantar flexion. Lower subtalar joint: inversion foot (plantar flexion, adduction, supination). Joint metatarsophalangeal: auxiliary flexion. Interphalangeal joint: flexion distal joints, auxiliary proximal joint flexion. |
| flexor hallucis longus | rear surface of fibula | distal part of the thumb | n. tibialis | Ankle joint: auxiliary plantar flexion. Subtalar joint bottom: inverse foot. Metatarsophalangeal joint (1): auxiliary flexion. Interphalangeal joint (1): flexion |
| The dorsal muscle of the foot |
|---|
| extensor digitorum brevis | dorsal side of calcaneal bone, neighborhood sinus tarsi | dorsal aponeurosis 2nd to 4th finger | n. proenus profundus | Joints metatarsofalangeal: extension. Joints interfalangeal: extension of both interfalangeal joints. |
| extensor hallucis brevis | dorsal side of calcaneal bone, neighborhood sinus tarsi | dorsal aponeurosa of thumb | n. proenus profundus | Joint metatarsofalangeal (1st) extension |
| The plantar muscles of the foot - muscles of thumb |
|---|
| abductor hallucis (1st layer) | tuber calcanei | medial sesamoid ossicle of metatarsofalangeal joint of thumb | n. plantaris medialis | Joint metatarsofalangeal (1st): abduction, auxiliary flexion |
| flexor hallucis brevis (3rd layer) | plantar side of cuboid bones | Both sesamoid bones metatarsofalangeal joint of thumb | n. plantaris medialis | Joint metatarsofalangeal (1st): flexion |
| adductor hallucis | caput obliquum - plantar surface of the distal metatarsals bones, caput transversum - metatarsofalangeal joints 3rd to 5th finger | lateral sesamoid ossicle of metatarsofalangealjoint of thumb, base of proximal article of thumb | n. plantaris lateralis | Joint metatarsofalangeal (1st): adduction |
| The plantar muscles of the foot - muscles of little finger |
|---|
| m.abduktor digiti minimi (1st layer) | lateral margin of the tuber calcanei | base of proximal article of 5th finger | n. plantaris lateralis | Joint metatarsofalangeal (5th): abduction, auxiliary flexion |
| m.flexor digiti minimi brevis (3rd layer) | base of 5th metatarsal bones, plantar side ossis cubit | base of proximal article of 5th finger | n. plantaris lateralis | Joint metatarsofalangeal (5th): flexion |
| The plantar muscles of the foot - muscles of central group |
|---|
| lumbricales I.-IV. (2nd layer) | tendons of m. flexor digitorum longus | dorsal aponeurosis 2nd to 5th fingers, base of proximal articles | n. plantarisn lat. and med. | Joint metatarsofalangeal: flexion, adduction auxiliary (III, IV.), auxiliary abduction (I., II.). Joint interfalangeal: auxiliary extension of both joints |
| quadratus plantae | tuber calcanei | tendon m. flexor digitorum longus | n. plantaris lateralis | Joint interfalangeal: auxiliary flexion proximal joint, auxiliary flexion of the distal joints |
| The plantar muscles of the foot - musculi interossei |
|---|
| interossei plantares I.-III. | 3rd to 5th metatarsal bone | base of proximal cells and dorsal aponeurosis of the finger on the near side of the foot axis, clamped so the thumb side of 3rd to 5th fingers | n. plantaris lateralis | Joint metatarsofalangeal: flexion, adduction(constriction fern fingers). Joint interfalangeal: auxiliary extension of both interfalangeal joints |
| interossei dorsales I.-IV. | the neighboring sides metatarsal bones | The base of the proximal articles dorsal side of the fingers, averted from foot axis | n. plantaris lateralis | Joint metatarsofalangeal: flexion, abduction (opening fern fingers). Joint interfalangeal: auxiliary extension of both interfalangeal joints |
